{"id":301,"date":"2021-12-15T12:25:49","date_gmt":"2021-12-15T11:25:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/?p=301"},"modified":"2021-12-15T12:37:13","modified_gmt":"2021-12-15T11:37:13","slug":"nemecke-pracovni-pravo-kratky-uvod","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/?p=301","title":{"rendered":"N\u011bmeck\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo: kr\u00e1tk\u00fd \u00favod"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>N\u011bmeck\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00e1-li se \u010desk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f dotknout n\u011bkter\u00e1 oblast pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du Spolkov\u00e9 republiky N\u011bmecko, bude j\u00ed \u010dasto pr\u00e1v\u011b oblast pracovn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. \u0158adu zam\u011bstnanc\u016f nejen z&nbsp;\u010cesk\u00e9 republiky toti\u017e l\u00e1kaj\u00ed pracovn\u00ed podm\u00ednky v&nbsp;SRN, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 atraktivn\u00edmi jsou zejm\u00e9na tamn\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e odm\u011bn za pr\u00e1ci (aktu\u00e1ln\u011b \u010din\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hrub\u00e1 mzda 9,60 \u20ac za hodinu<a href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava pracovn\u00edho pr\u00e1va v&nbsp;SRN je rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1, je tud\u00ed\u017e pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9 se v&nbsp;n\u00ed zorientovat. Na rozd\u00edl od \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky zde toti\u017e neexistuje z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl charakter kodexu a upravoval tak pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed materii komplexn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. Ta je obsa\u017eena v&nbsp;mno\u017estv\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u016f. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00fapravu najdeme v&nbsp;ob\u010dansk\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u00edku, tedy v&nbsp;B\u00fcrgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB), \u00fapravu dal\u0161\u00edch ot\u00e1zek nap\u0159. v&nbsp;Arbeitszeitgesetz (ArbZG), Gesetz \u00fcber den Nachweis der f\u00fcr ein Arbeitsverh\u00e4ltnis geltenden wesentlichen Bedingungen (NachwG), Allgemeines Gleichbehandlungsgesetz (AGG) \u010di K\u00fcndigungsschutzgesetz (KSchG).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje \u00a7 611a BGB o pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b, kter\u00fd upravuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed povinnosti zam\u011bstnance a zam\u011bstnavatele. Zam\u011bstnanec m\u00e1 pro zam\u011bstnavatele zejm\u00e9na osobn\u011b vykon\u00e1vat z\u00e1vislou pr\u00e1ci dle jeho pokyn\u016f. Zam\u011bstnavatel m\u00e1 naproti tomu povinnost platit zam\u011bstnanci za pr\u00e1ci dohodnutou odm\u011bnu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podstatn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bla pracovn\u00ed smlouva obsahovat, bychom v\u0161ak nena\u0161li v&nbsp;tomto ustanoven\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e v \u00a7 2 ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho NachwG. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b nap\u0159. za\u010d\u00e1tek pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru, m\u00edsto v\u00fdkonu pr\u00e1ce, popis pr\u00e1ce, odm\u011bna za pr\u00e1ci, pracovn\u00ed doba \u010di d\u00e9lka v\u00fdpov\u011bdn\u00edch dob. Neobsahuje-li pracovn\u00ed smlouva tyto \u00fadaje, je zam\u011bstnavatel povinen je zam\u011bstnanci sd\u011blit v&nbsp;p\u00edsemn\u00e9 form\u011b nejpozd\u011bji do jednoho m\u011bs\u00edce ode dne za\u010d\u00e1tku pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru. Jedn\u00e1 se o z\u00e1konnou povinnost zam\u011bstnavatele, bohu\u017eel v\u0161ak za jej\u00ed nespln\u011bn\u00ed nehroz\u00ed zam\u011bstnavateli v&nbsp;podstat\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 sankce. Ur\u010dit\u00fd negativn\u00ed n\u00e1sledek poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti lze spat\u0159ovat jedin\u011b v&nbsp;tendenci soud\u016f p\u0159iklonit se k&nbsp;verzi tvrzen\u00e9 zam\u011bstnancem, pokud se n\u011bkter\u00e1 z&nbsp;t\u011bchto skute\u010dnost\u00ed pozd\u011bji uk\u00e1\u017ee spornou.<a href=\"#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vznikne-li mezi zam\u011bstnancem a zam\u011bstnavatelem spor, je v\u017edy vhodn\u00e9 pokusit se jej nejd\u0159\u00edve vy\u0159e\u0161it mimosoudn\u00ed cestou, nicm\u00e9n\u011b ne v\u017edy jsou takov\u00e9 snahy \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9. V&nbsp;takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je pak t\u0159eba obr\u00e1tit se formou \u017ealoby na soud. K&nbsp;\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spor\u016f mezi zam\u011bstnanci a zam\u011bstnavateli jsou v&nbsp;N\u011bmecku p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed soudy \u2013 Arbeitsgerichte. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ed soudem ciz\u00edho st\u00e1tu je velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na znalosti ciz\u00edho pr\u00e1va, tamn\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f i jazykovou vybavenost. Lze proto doporu\u010dit sv\u011b\u0159it danou v\u011bc do rukou advok\u00e1ta maj\u00edc\u00edho zku\u0161enosti s&nbsp;n\u011bmeck\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm. Nejen s&nbsp;pracovn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem v&nbsp;SRN V\u00e1m ochotn\u011b poskytne pomoc i na\u0161e advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Arbeit und Soziales. BMAS \u2013 Mindestlohn [online]. [cit. 21. 9. 2021]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/www.bmas.de\/DE\/Arbeit\/Arbeitsrecht\/Mindestlohn\/mindestlohn.html.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> Nap\u0159. rozhodnut\u00ed LAG Niedersachsen ze dne 21. 2. 2003, sp. zn. 10 Sa 1683\/02.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <em>Autor: Mgr. Karolina Kone\u010dn\u00e1, Dr. Tom\u00e1\u0161 Mach<\/em> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u011bmeck\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo M\u00e1-li se \u010desk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f dotknout n\u011bkter\u00e1 oblast pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du Spolkov\u00e9 republiky N\u011bmecko, bude j\u00ed \u010dasto pr\u00e1v\u011b oblast pracovn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. \u0158adu zam\u011bstnanc\u016f nejen [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":303,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/301","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=301"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/301\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":308,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/301\/revisions\/308"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=301"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=301"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}