{"id":310,"date":"2024-10-05T11:20:44","date_gmt":"2024-10-05T09:20:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/?p=310"},"modified":"2024-10-05T11:21:38","modified_gmt":"2024-10-05T09:21:38","slug":"zvysovani-najemneho-v-nemecku-pravni-mantinely-a-postupy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/?p=310","title":{"rendered":"Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho v N\u011bmecku: Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed mantinely a postupy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho z\u00a0n\u00e1jmu bytu je v N\u011bmecku p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b regulov\u00e1no s c\u00edlem chr\u00e1nit n\u00e1jemce p\u0159ed nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm r\u016fstem n\u00e1klad\u016f na bydlen\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak z\u00e1kon poskytuje pronaj\u00edmatel\u016fm mo\u017enost p\u0159izp\u016fsobit n\u00e1jemn\u00e9 tr\u017en\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty tohoto procesu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pravidla pro zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmeck\u00fd ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk (B\u00fcrgerliches Gesetzbuch, BGB) stanov\u00ed n\u011bkolik z\u00e1sadn\u00edch pravidel pro zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. N\u00e1jemn\u00e9 lze zv\u00fd\u0161it nejd\u0159\u00edve 12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po posledn\u00edm zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed nebo od za\u010d\u00e1tku n\u00e1jmu[1]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed nesm\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010dit m\u00edstn\u011b obvykl\u00e9 srovnateln\u00e9 n\u00e1jemn\u00e9 (orts\u00fcbliche Vergleichsmiete)[2<\/sup>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu 3 let nesm\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00e9 vzr\u016fst o v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 % (v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech s napjatou situac\u00ed na trhu s bydlen\u00edm jen o 15 %)[3]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mietspiegel jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edstn\u011b obvykl\u00e9ho n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli tzv. Mietspiegel (p\u0159ehled n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho). Jedn\u00e1 se o dokument vypracovan\u00fd m\u00edstn\u00edmi \u00fa\u0159ady, kter\u00fd poskytuje p\u0159ehled o pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch cen\u00e1ch n\u00e1jm\u016f v dan\u00e9 lokalit\u011b[4]<\/sup>. Existuj\u00ed dva typy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Jednoduch\u00fd Mietspiegel<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Kvalifikovan\u00fd Mietspiegel (vytvo\u0159en\u00fd podle v\u011bdeck\u00fdch z\u00e1sad)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kvalifikovan\u00fd Mietspiegel m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1hu p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch sporech[5]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Postup p\u0159i zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Pronaj\u00edmatel mus\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u011b ozn\u00e1mit z\u00e1m\u011br zv\u00fd\u0161it n\u00e1jemn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Ozn\u00e1men\u00ed mus\u00ed obsahovat od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed, zpravidla s odkazem na Mietspiegel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. N\u00e1jemce m\u00e1 2 m\u011bs\u00edce na zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu[6].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e n\u00e1jemce nesouhlas\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud n\u00e1jemce se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm nesouhlas\u00ed, m\u00e1 pronaj\u00edmatel dv\u011b mo\u017enosti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Akceptovat st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Podat \u017ealobu na ur\u010den\u00ed nov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho u p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho soudu[7].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1jemce m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 s\u00e1m iniciovat soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, pokud se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee po\u017eadovan\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed je nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010casov\u00e1 omezen\u00ed a v\u00fdjimky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existuj\u00ed situace, kdy jsou mo\u017enosti zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho d\u00e1le omezeny:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– U smluv s indexovan\u00fdm n\u00e1jemn\u00fdm (Indexmiete) se n\u00e1jemn\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed podle indexu spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch cen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– U smluv se stup\u0148ovit\u00fdm n\u00e1jemn\u00fdm (Staffelmiete) jsou zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edem dohodnuta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmeck\u00fd syst\u00e9m regulace n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho se sna\u017e\u00ed vyv\u00e1\u017eit z\u00e1jmy pronaj\u00edmatel\u016f a n\u00e1jemc\u016f. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli hraje transparentnost a p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnost, kterou zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm institut Mietspiegelu tam, kde je dostupn\u00fd. V opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je relevantn\u00ed znaleck\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed hodnoty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jako advok\u00e1t zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se mimo jin\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00fdm n\u00e1jemn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem jsem p\u0159ipraven poskytnout podrobn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed poradenstv\u00ed v t\u00e9to oblasti. A\u0165 u\u017e jste pronaj\u00edmatel nebo n\u00e1jemce, komplexn\u00ed znalost n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho n\u00e1jemn\u00edho pr\u00e1va je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro ochranu va\u0161ich z\u00e1jm\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] \u00a7 558 odst. 1 BGB<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] \u00a7 558 odst. 1 BGB<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] \u00a7 558 odst. 3 BGB<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4] \u00a7 558c BGB<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5] \u00a7 558d BGB<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6] \u00a7 558b odst. 2 BGB<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7] \u00a7 558b odst. 3 BGB<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u00a7 113 ZPO (Zivilprozessordnung)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u00a7 557b BGB<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u00a7 557a BGB<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho z\u00a0n\u00e1jmu bytu je v N\u011bmecku p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b regulov\u00e1no s c\u00edlem chr\u00e1nit n\u00e1jemce p\u0159ed nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm r\u016fstem n\u00e1klad\u016f na bydlen\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak z\u00e1kon poskytuje pronaj\u00edmatel\u016fm mo\u017enost […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":314,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=310"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":313,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310\/revisions\/313"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nemeckepravo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}